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'''''Gish''''' is the debut studio album by [[The Smashing Pumpkins]], released in May 1991 through [[W:Caroline Records (US)|Caroline Records]]. Frontman [[Billy Corgan]] has variously described ''Gish'' as a "very spiritual album" and "an album about spiritual ascension".<ref name="caro">{{cite news |title=Smashing Pumpkins Finds a New Home at Caroline Records |work=Chicago Tribune |date=December 28, 1990 |last=Caro |first=Mark}}</ref> | '''''Gish''''' is the debut studio album by [[The Smashing Pumpkins]], released in May 1991 through [[W:Caroline Records (US)|Caroline Records]]. Frontman [[Billy Corgan]] has variously described ''Gish'' as a "very spiritual album" and "an album about spiritual ascension".<ref name="caro">{{cite news |title=Smashing Pumpkins Finds a New Home at Caroline Records |work=Chicago Tribune |date=December 28, 1990 |last=Caro |first=Mark}}</ref> | ||
Despite initially peaking at only number 195 on the [[ | Despite initially peaking at only number 195 on the [[:Category:Billboard 200 albums|''Billboard'' 200]] upon its release, ''Gish'' received positive reviews from critics, and was eventually [[:Category:United States (RIAA) certifications|certified]] platinum (one million copies shipped) by the RIAA. On April 1, 2019 ''Rolling Stone'' magazine ranked ''Gish'' the 32nd greatest grunge album of all time.<ref>[https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/50-greatest-grunge-albums-798851/smashing-pumpkins-gish-1991-798891/].</ref> | ||
== Recording == | == Recording == | ||
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| rev10score = 9/10<ref>{{cite book |title=[[w:Spin Alternative Record Guide|Spin Alternative Record Guide]] |editor1-last=Weisbard |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Marks |editor2-first=Craig |publisher=[[w:Vintage Books|Vintage Books]] |year=1995 |isbn=0-679-75574-8}}</ref> | | rev10score = 9/10<ref>{{cite book |title=[[w:Spin Alternative Record Guide|Spin Alternative Record Guide]] |editor1-last=Weisbard |editor1-first=Eric |editor2-last=Marks |editor2-first=Craig |publisher=[[w:Vintage Books|Vintage Books]] |year=1995 |isbn=0-679-75574-8}}</ref> | ||
}} | }} | ||
''Gish'' was met with largely enthusiastic reviews. On the month of its release, Chris Heim of the '' | ''Gish'' was met with largely enthusiastic reviews. On the month of its release, Chris Heim of the ''Chicago Tribune'' credited producer Butch Vig for helping the band achieve a "clearly defined" and "big, bold, punchy" sound for the album. Heim also indicated that the varied styles of the album would be a good addition to the alternative music culture of Chicago at the time—a culture that was sometimes perceived as inaccessible for new bands.<ref>{{cite news |title=Caroline Records releases Smashing Pumpkins' 'Gish' |work=Chicago Tribune |date=May 31, 1991 |last=Heim |first=Chris |page=S}}</ref> Jon Pareles of ''The New York Times'' picked up on the eclectic mix of musical style on ''Gish'' as well, complementing its "pummeling hard rock", "gentle interludes", and "psychedelic crescendos".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE7DC1338F937A25752C1A967958260 |title=Review/Pop; A hyperactive evening with the Chili Peppers |work=The New York Times |date=November 14, 1991 |accessdate=February 21, 2011 |last=Pareles |first=Jon}}</ref> In an end-of-year recap of 1991 releases, Heim noted that the album constituted a "smashing local success story" for the Chicago area.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ringing in the new year with something for every taste |work=Chicago Tribune |date=December 27, 1991 |last=Heim |first=Chris |page=Q}}</ref> [[w:Greg Kot|Greg Kot]], also of the ''Tribune'', called ''Gish'' "perhaps the most audacious and accomplished" of all 1991 albums released by local bands;<ref name="patch"/> in an article later that year, Kot listed the album among the best of 1991.<ref>{{cite news |author=Kot, Greg |title=The best albums of '91 rock music: finding greatness on the fringes |date=December 1, 1991 |work=Chicago Tribune |page=16}}</ref> ''Rolling Stone'' called it "awe-inspiring" with "meticulously calculated chaos" and a "swirling energy".<ref>{{cite journal |title=Meticulously Calculated Chaos |work=[[w:Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone]] |date=August 8, 1991}}</ref> | ||
Many substantive reviews of ''Gish'' emerged only with the 1993 release of ''Siamese Dream'', when mainstream critics took their first look into the back-catalog of a band whose popularity was exploding. Derek Weiler of the '' | Many substantive reviews of ''Gish'' emerged only with the 1993 release of ''Siamese Dream'', when mainstream critics took their first look into the back-catalog of a band whose popularity was exploding. Derek Weiler of the ''Toronto Star'' noted that songs on ''Gish'' contained "either galloping riffs or trippy feedback hazes" and that the latter were especially effective and entertaining.<ref>{{cite news |title=Smashing followup: Siamese Dream keeps Pumpkins in front of the alternative brigade |work=Toronto Star |date=August 26, 1993 |last=Weiler |first=Derek |page=C8}}</ref> | ||
In 1992, ''Gish'' and the Smashing Pumpkins earned recognition at the Chicago Musician Awards, for which local music publication ''Illinois Entertainer'' polled readers and Chicago music industry figures such as critics, writers, and club owners. In separate polls, readers and industry figures chose ''Gish'' as the "best local album". [[Jimmy Chamberlin]] and [[James Iha]] won individual honors for their performances on the album, and the band as a whole earned the "best hometown national act" award.<ref>{{cite news |title=Smashing Pumpkins triumph in Chicago Musician Awards |work=Chicago Tribune |date=July 24, 1992 |last=Stevens |first=Mary |page=K}}</ref> | In 1992, ''Gish'' and the Smashing Pumpkins earned recognition at the Chicago Musician Awards, for which local music publication ''Illinois Entertainer'' polled readers and Chicago music industry figures such as critics, writers, and club owners. In separate polls, readers and industry figures chose ''Gish'' as the "best local album". [[Jimmy Chamberlin]] and [[James Iha]] won individual honors for their performances on the album, and the band as a whole earned the "best hometown national act" award.<ref>{{cite news |title=Smashing Pumpkins triumph in Chicago Musician Awards |work=Chicago Tribune |date=July 24, 1992 |last=Stevens |first=Mary |page=K}}</ref> | ||
== Commercial performance == | == Commercial performance == | ||
''Gish'' spent one week on the ''Billboard'' 200, peaking at number 195 (later re-peaking at number 146 upon its 2011 re-release);<ref name="am">{{Allmusic|class=album|id=mw0000265088|tab=awards|label=Gish – Smashing Pumpkins: Awards|pure_url=no|accessdate=June 25, 2012}}</ref> however, the album reached number one on the ''[[W:College Music Journal|College Music Journal]]'' chart, which tracks airplay and popularity on [[W:Campus radio|college radio]] stations.<ref>{{cite news |author=Corcoran, Michael |title=Bob Seger bites the Silver Bullet for his latest effort |date=September 15, 1991 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |page=4}}</ref> It also had a six-week run on the | ''Gish'' spent one week on the ''Billboard'' 200, peaking at number 195 (later re-peaking at number 146 upon its 2011 re-release);<ref name="am">{{Allmusic|class=album|id=mw0000265088|tab=awards|label=Gish – Smashing Pumpkins: Awards|pure_url=no|accessdate=June 25, 2012}}</ref> however, the album reached number one on the ''[[W:College Music Journal|College Music Journal]]'' chart, which tracks airplay and popularity on [[W:Campus radio|college radio]] stations.<ref>{{cite news |author=Corcoran, Michael |title=Bob Seger bites the Silver Bullet for his latest effort |date=September 15, 1991 |work=Chicago Sun-Times |page=4}}</ref> It also had a six-week run on the New Zealand Albums Chart, peaking at number 40.<ref name="rianz">{{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=The+Smashing+Pumpkins&titel=Gish&cat=a |title=charts.nz – The Smashing Pumpkins – Gish |work=charts.nz |publisher=Hung Medien |accessdate=February 10, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Despite an inauspicious start, the album sold 100,000 copies in less than a year, far exceeding the expectations of indie label Caroline Records, a subsidiary of [[W:Virgin Records|Virgin Records]].<ref>Gooch, Marshall (April 7, 2008). "Smashing Pumpkins: Worst Case Scenario." ''[[Reflex Magazine|Reflex]]''.</ref> The album was certified [[W:Music recording sales certification|gold]] on March 14, 1994. Until the release of [[W:The Offspring|The Offspring]] album ''[[W:Smash (The Offspring album)|Smash]]'' in 1994, ''Gish'' was the highest-selling independently released album of all time. ''Gish'' would later be reissued under the Virgin label, and was certified platinum on February 5, 1999.<ref name="RIAA">{{cite web | ||
|url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=gish&artist=Smashing%20Pumpkins&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25 | |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=gish&artist=Smashing%20Pumpkins&format=&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25 | ||
|title=Gold and Platinum Database Search | |title=Gold and Platinum Database Search | ||
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== Release history == | == Release history == | ||
The first mastering of ''Gish'' on CD was from | The first mastering of ''Gish'' on CD was from Digital Audio Tape and appeared on Caroline Records, a subsidiary of Virgin Records. In 1994, after the success of follow-up ''[[Siamese Dream]]'', the album was given a slight remaster and redesign and was reissued on the Virgin label.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Corgan | first = Billy | authorlink = Billy Corgan | title = 10 Most Influential Productions | journal = Musician Magazine | date = March 1997 | url = http://www.pumpkins.it/billyinter.html | postscript = <!-- None -->}}</ref> Both editions credit Howie Weinberg as mastering engineer. In 2008, The Smashing Pumpkins announced a 17th anniversary box set re-release of the album that would include older bonus material, but this set experienced delays.<ref name="box">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.nme.com/news/nme/37559 |title=Smashing Pumpkins ready debut album box set |magazine=[[w:New Musical Express|New Musical Express]] |date=2008-06-23 |accessdate=2009-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628034045/http://www.nme.com/news/nme/37559 |archive-date=2008-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> After finally negotiating the rights, ''Gish'' was re-issued in November 2011, being remastered on CD and Vinyl with extra tracks and packaging.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcQ0PloLnJ8|title=Billy Corgan talks about the future of the Smashing Pumpkins|accessdate=November 2, 2019|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> | ||
== Track listing == | == Track listing == | ||